Advisor vs. Adviser How to Choose the Right Word

Much like toward and towards, the words advisor and adviser often pose some common conundrums: Do the two different, but correct, spellings of the same word convey subtly different meanings? And even if both are technically correct, is one more â€Å"appropriate† than the other in certain circumstances? Both advisor and adviser are examples of a category of nouns called agent nouns—nouns that refer to someone or something that performs the action of a verb and typically end in either â€Å"or† or â€Å"er,† like â€Å"worker† or â€Å"detector.† So, even though a person who writes is a writer, a person who dances is a dancer, and a person who wanders is a wanderer, a person who advises can be an adviser or an advisor. If their meaning is the same, how do you decide whether to use advisor or adviser? While both spellings are acceptable, both are not equally preferred. How to Use Advisor Both advisor and adviser refer to one who advises or gives advice to others. Advisor with the -or ending, is of Latin origin. Often, youll see this spelling used in more formal contexts, government, job titles, or academic work. Advisor is more heavily used, both in titles and otherwise, in scholarly and academic texts throughout the English-speaking world. This may be due to the fact that the -or suffix is commonly used with verbs that have a Latin origin. There is a largely unproven theory that due to its origin, advisor denotes a more â€Å"formal† tone than adviser, thus making it better suited for use in academic writing. The Virginia Tech University Style Guide, for example, recommends the use of advisor, as it is â€Å"used more commonly in academe,† adding that â€Å"adviser is acceptable in releases going to organizations that follow AP [Associated Press] style.† Although adviser is the heavily preferred spelling outside of North America, in the United States and Canada, advisor is often used as part of official job titles such as â€Å"financial advisor† or â€Å"academic advisor.† Advisor also appears to be preferred by the U.S. government, as in national security advisor and veterans preference advisor. Again, however, this is a preference, not a rule, as adviser is often used in titles too. How to Use Adviser The word adviser, ending with -er is of English origin. Overall, there appears to be a preference for the use of adviser in English. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, adviser appears more often than advisor. As a result, English-language usage guides, such as Garner’s Modern American Usage, list adviser as the recommended—but not mandatory—spelling, with advisor as a variant. However, the Associated Press Stylebook requires adviser. Both forms of the word first appeared in English texts written between 1605 and 1615. However, it is believed that adviser had been commonly used for several years before advisor first appeared, perhaps contributing to its wider range of acceptance today. Examples Following are a couple of examples of the word in use: On dorm move-in day, freshmen will meet the resident adviser (RA), who will help the students acclimate to their new home.As you approach retirement, you should meet with a financial advisor periodically to keep your money properly diversified. As stated, the words are interchangeable in meaning, so there are generally no negative ramifications in using either one—unless youre following a particular style guide in your work or are in a regulatory environment. Financial planning consultant Bob Veres told Investment News, Whenever I see someone spell adviser with an e, I know its a securities attorney or an industry lobbyist who specializes in the SEC [Securities and Exchange Commission], because the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 spells the term that way. A couple of additional examples: The presidents national security adviser informed him of the current situation.President Obama named Susan Rice to the post of national security advisor. If youre writing an article for a newspaper or magazine that follows AP style, use the more common adviser, according to the stylebooks entry for the generic word usage. But if youre referring to a persons company-conferred job title, defer to the companys spelling of the word. How to Remember the Difference Fortunately, you dont have to remember the difference between the two words because they mean the same thing. Just be aware of the preference of whomever youre writing for or how a persons title is noted in his or her official job description. Because neither adviser nor advisor is grammatically wrong, usage of the two words really comes down to a matter of choice, with a caveat. They should be used consistently. With few exceptions, they shouldnt both be used in the same document. Exceptions to Consistency Those few exceptions to consistency in a single document include usage in proper names and titles and in quotations. When used in proper names and titles, adviser and advisor should always be spelled as they are in the title. In the president’s â€Å"Council of Economic Advisers,† for example, use of advisor would be incorrect. Similarly, when quoting text from another document, adviser and advisor should be spelled as they are in the source. One Rule: Adviser as an Adjective Although adviser is the generally preferred spelling when the word is used as a noun, the adjectival form of adviser is correctly spelled advisory. For example: As a noun: I work as an adviser for my company.As an adjective: I will be working for the firm in an advisory capacity. This may contribute to the confusion surrounding adviser vs. advisor. However, while either adviser or advisor can be used in most cases, advisory is the only correct adjectival spelling. Advisery isn’t even a word. Sources â€Å"Adviser.†Ã‚  Associated Press Stylebook, www.apstylebook.com/ap_stylebook/adviser.â€Å"Adviser | Definition of Adviser in English by Oxford Dictionaries.†Ã‚  Oxford Dictionaries | English, Oxford Dictionaries, en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/adviser.Benjamin, Jeff. â€Å"Adviser or Advisor? The Debate Rages On.†Ã‚  InvestmentNews - The Investing News Source for Financial Advisers, 19 Mar. 2017, www.investmentnews.com/article/20170319/FREE/170319931/adviser-or-advisor-the-debate-rages-on.Garner, Bryan A.  Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009. â€Å"University Style Guide.†Ã‚  VT Virginia Tech, vt.edu/brand/resources/university-style-guide.html.

David Brooks s Our Sprawling Supersize Utopia - 956 Words

David Berreby who is known as the author of â€Å"It Takes a Tribe,† was born in France in 1958. He was raised by an American mother and a Jewish father. Berreby talks about the lifestyle of being a college student in gaining a respectable position in the hierarchy of a college tradition within the club membership. David Berrebys’ analysis of ‘us’ v’s ‘them’ brings an impact to all the students because they feel like they need to find or join a group in which they belong to. As for David Brooks, the author of â€Å"Our Sprawling Supersize Utopia† who was born in Toronto, Ontario. Brooks was born and raised by his American citizen father in Canada. He made a claim on how suburbs were sprawling and the lifestyles in this society are becoming complex for those people who desire to expand their way of adapting and living in the different environment. Both authors have the same similarities for advancing in a new way of living and as a group, people should be addressed in fitting in a particular social society. As a human being, our ability to consider something is extraordinary due to our needs and wants. â€Å"Once people see that they ve been divided into groups, they ll act accordingly, even if they know that the divisions are as meaningless† (Berreby 10). Is it necessary for us to divide ourselves according to who is better and not? The group of people are frightened to speak on their own behalf and appoint an opinion, due to the fact that other people will criticize them that they are

Asses the Significance of the Treaty of Versailles Free Essays

The Treaty of Versailles did not dismantle Germany from its ability to wage war; it neither made the people grateful towards the allies. As the Italian political philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli of the 1500’s stated â€Å"___________†. The Treaty imposed many demands of the war weary country, these demands did not have an immediate effect on the country, and it instead gave a long-term legacy of bitterness and humiliation. We will write a custom essay sample on Asses the Significance of the Treaty of Versailles or any similar topic only for you Order Now The defeat of the German military was a shock to most Germans, as they were made to believe that they would be the victors in the â€Å"Great War†. The Treaty came as an equal shock, as it gave the government no chance to negotiate the terms. The terms included military provisions to be changed, territories to be given away and reparations to be paid. The military of Germany was to be reduced to 100,000 and Germany was not allowed to produce any guns, poisonous gas or tanks. These terms affected many Germans especially wealthy industrialists who made large profits from the business. Those thousands employed into factories to build weapons also lost their jobs. The German military was at a time four million strong before the war with the reduced military this put thousands of trained men onto the streets without employment, these men would prove later to be enemies of the new republic. The German General Staff was dismantled, therefore putting influential generals such as Ludendorff and Hindenburg unemployed but most importantly there loyalty was to nobody since the Kaiser abdicated. This allowed ambitious politicians to take advantage of the famed generals as they persuaded them to join their political parties. An example of this is Hitler having Ludendorff join him in his 1924 failed Munich Beerhall Putsch, he was used as a symbolic figure supporting Hitler’s regime. The powerful navy that German had, was to be reduced to a mere few ships, and the U-boats were strictly forbidden. This had the same affect as it did with the army; it put hundreds of sailors on the streets unemployed and angry. Since it was not the Military that decided to sign the armistice they felt a sense of betrayal from the new government. This was to be called the â€Å"Stab in the back† theory, which was used by the military to explain why they were defeated and recalled. This theory was made to preserve the unscathed honor of the German military. The territories that the Treaty demanded were immense. The long held provinces of Alsace and Lorraine were taken by France. These provinces had been held by Germany since 1871, the people were a generation of Germans and the immediate change came as a shock. The Allies also claimed economic control over the rich coal-producing area of the Saar basin, its workers were German but the production was to go to France. This had a dramatic effect on the amount of coal German was producing, before the war Germany war producing 277 million tonnes and 14 million tonnes of steel. Because of the economic control of the Saar basin both of these vast industries were badly disabled, this therefore effected Germany producing an effective income from these industries that it prospered. The large region of Posen was created into a new country called Poland, but the allies determined that the new nation needed access to the sea. Therefore part of West Prussia was given to Poland, this area was called the Polish Corridor where many Germans lived, now under the new country Poland. The large city of Danzig was also taken from Germany and taken by the control of the new-formed League of Nations. Schleswig a region farthest north of Germany and south of Denmark was to be given to the government of Denmark, as the regions of Eupen and Malemdy was given to Belgium. The large area of the Rhine land, which lied on the border of Belgium and France, was to be demilitarized effectively stopping any further motivations to invade France. Germany had ten colonies based in Africa and Asia; these colonies had an overall population of fifteen million, adding trade and tax income to Germany’s government. But the Allies stated in the Treaty that Germany was â€Å"Colonially Unworthy† and as a result lost control of all her colonies. These colonies were controlled and administrated by the League of Nations. All these territorial demands from the Treaty of Versailles not only had an economic impact to the German country but it had a morale effect of humiliation to the German populace. Many articles in German Newspapers such as the Deutsche Zeitung stated, â€Å"German honor is being carried into its grave†¦. The German people will with unceasing labor press forward to reconquer the place among nations to which it is entitled. † and as well politicians used this as propaganda promising that their party will reclaim German honor. The Treaty also forced Germany to take full responsibility of the war. The Allies made them accept that it was their fault and that the countries all suffered because of Germanys selfishness. Because they were blamed for the war the Allies saw fit that they were to pay for the reparations of the war. This amount concluded to 32 billion American dollars, this was but a mere partial cost to the war but Germany still tried to resist paying the total amount. The reparations were not paid until 1921 a full three years after the signing of the Treaty. The initial German reaction the terms of the treaty was shock and anger. Since the Kaiser abdicated it fell upon the new government to sign the treaty, because of this the Weimar Republic was always held accountable for disgracing Germany. There were many in Germany, who urged a rejection of the treaty like Hindenburg, but many more had a realistic perspective and insisted that the government sign it; these people were General Groener and other members of the Reichstag. The initial anger and outbursts the treaty invoked on the people was of hopelessness, the reality was that Germany had little choice other than to accept the treaty. If the Government did not sign the Treaty the country would have been dismantled like it was after World War 2. The Treaty of Versailles importance is clearly exemplified in its determined effect of Germany. The country lost about thirteen percent of its territory, 12 percent of its population and a combined 64 percent of its iron and coal industries. But Germany still remained one of the strongest countries on the continent. As the Treaty effected the country on an emotionally level, the Germans of all classes were disgraced and angry at the Weimar Republic for signing the treaty. The Treaty obviously did not destroy Germanys ability to create an army (WW2) nor did it encourage them to not go to war. The effect of the Treaty forced a generation of Germans to swear vengeance on the Allies. How to cite Asses the Significance of the Treaty of Versailles, Essay examples

Importance of Business Ethics for the Organisation Free Sample

Question: Dicuss about the Ethical Theories. Answer: Many companies make use of various ways to promote the products and stay ahead of the competitors (Crane and Matten 2016). They make use of various tools and platforms that will promote the products. In addition to this, they might have use of various ways to attract the customers (Weiss 2014). At times, they might indulge in activities that might be entirely different from the sectors where the company is working (Hoffman, Frederick and Schwartz 2014). Indulging in various events will give the company proper recognition as more number of people will come to know about it (Chell et al. 2016). While carrying out the business the companies should not forget the business ethics that they should follow (Hartman et al. 2014). A business can be said to be successful only when they are in the business activities by keeping in mind the business ethics and then carrying out the business (DesJardins and McCall 2014). Not following the ethics will not only tarnish the image of the company but t he company might land up in legal issues (Doh, Husted and Yang 2016). The write-up will look into the ethical issues of Nike. Nike has arranged a marathon promote a new product. The ethical theory that will help in assessing the issues of Nike will be taken into account. Moreover, the actions of Nike will be discussed based on the theme that will be might be affected due to the actions taken by Nike. Nike caught the attention of many critics when it arranged a marathon in December 2016 (Dickinson 2016). The marathon was named breaking 2 and was aimed at breaking the 2 hour 2 minutes 57 seconds time of Dennis Kimetto. Other than the marathons that take place in any internationally acclaimed sports meet, some of the marathons are recognized by the rest of the world are the ones that are held in Berlin or London. On the contrary, the marathon that was arranged by Nike was not acclaimed in the international level. Nike promoted the fact if the runners wear shoes that are made from Nike, it will be easier for them to break world record of Dennis Kimetto. The worst part of the marathon is that if any of the individual is successful in breaking the record, there will be no official affirmation in his or her case. In spite of making such record, the person would not be recognized as the event is not recognized. Nike came under the radar for violating of business ethics mainly because of two things. Firstly, they are testing something in human endurance and capability and asking them to do something that is at par with something the professional sportspersons can do (Swanson and Frederick 2016). It can be dangerous to the health of the individual who will try to break the record. Secondly, some critics feel that, there are some special features in the shoes that might help a person to run faster (Jennings 2014). For example, the shoes will be attached with springs that will help the runners to run faster. The human beings are considered as guinea pigs and who are being experimented to test the new types of shoes that are being launched by Nike. Marketing a new product is the right of a company but experimenting something upon the human being and that too taking risk with the their health is not a ethical choice for any organization. The runner will only get recognition for Nike and no proper recognition will be given to the person who will be able to able the record . The person will remain a faceless and nameless individual without any award or recognition and will just be a matter of experiment for Nike (May, Luth and Schwoerer 2014). Experimenting with the health of people is highly unethical for company (Crane and Matten 2016). The action taken by Nike can be termed unethical going by the theory of ethic that has been introduced by Kant 11. (O'Neill 2013). Immanuel Kant is a German philosopher and he was quite opposing to utilitarianism ethics. utilitarianism ethics believed in the fact that an action can be called ethical or unethical based on the outcome of the action. An action can be unethical in nature but the reason for the unethical action can be ethical or the result of the unethical action can be ethical. In such a situation, the actions taken by an indicidal or an organization can be called ethical. Kant believed that there are certain actions that could not be justified even if the outcome of the action is good. He gave examples that some of the action like stealing, lying or murder cannot be accepted. Kant has asked the individuals to ask the following questions to oneself before indulging in any kind of actions: Can a person rationally will that others will think and act the way the person is acting or willing? If the answer to the question is no, then the person should prevent himself or herself to act in that way. Does the action of the individual respects the goals of the human beings or the actions are solving the purpose of the individual? If the answer is again no then also the person should stop in indulging in any such action. As far as Nike is concerned, the actions taken by the company can be said to be unethical as the company is arranging the event of the marketing and promotions of their products and they have not thought about the consequences of the actions (Weiss 2014). The actions are been taken into consideration to promote the product, which can be helpful for the company, but might can cause serious damage to the health of the individual (Hoffman, Frederick and Schwartz 2014). In addition to this, it has been predicted that shoes are being attached with springs that will help the person to run fast. Thus, it cannot be said to the contribution of the person who will be participating in the marathon will be false. It will be the features of the shoes that have helped the person to win the marathon. The action by Nike can be said to be unethical as the people will be under the delusion that they have won the title because of their ability (Chell et al. 2016). Corporate social responsibility is one of the biggest concerns for many organizations (Hartman et al. 2014). It should be the duty of every organization to think about the development of the society along with carrying out the business (DesJardins and McCall 2014). At times, the company might not indulge in any kind of action to fulfill their corporate social responsibility (Doh, Husted and Yang 2016). The actions that they will take while carrying out the business will show the corporate social responsibility (Swanson and Frederick 2016). The actions taken by Nike to promote the products were huge but the actions were a huge blow to the corporate social responsibility of the company. If they are carrying out an event and thinking of breaking a record, then they should have taken proper measures and would have taken the initiative to give recognition to the employees (Jennings 2014). They are promoting the products but they have not thought about the issues for the people who are taking part in the marathon (May, Luth and Schwoerer 2014). Some of the people might think that will be able to win the marathon as they trust the products of the company blindly. They might have not thought of the consequences. Nike might not take the responsibility of those people who might fall ill after running the distance of marathon (Crane and Matten 2016). After going through the actions of Nike and the theory of ethics as proposed by Kant, it can be concluded that the actions taken by Nike could be called unethical. The intentions of promotion of Nike can be justified. They were promoting their new products with the help of events and they had full right to ask the people participate in the event. However, the way they promoted the event was not ethical. They had set a target that is internationally acclaimed. They have not thought of the health of the individuals who would have trusted the shoes that have been newly launched by the company. The participants might think that the shoes will help them to achieve the goal. In addition to this, there was not international recognition for the marathon that was arranged by Nike. As per Kants theory, a person should not indulge in an action is just for the interest of one and not of interest for all. The actions of Nike could be justified from the perspective of the company and not from the perspective of every individual. In addition to this, Nike has also violated the corporate social responsibility of the company that an organization should have for the society. They have not thought of the people but only thought about the business. References Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D., 2016. Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J., 2014.Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Dickinson, M. 2016. Count swooshes and take a guess. [online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/the-times-sport/the-sub-twohour-marathon-a-nike-gimmick-or-sport-evolution/news-story/a4af7a84f239fe84d2c5b30ed52e8c55 [Accessed 5 Apr. 2017]. Doh, J., Husted, B.W. and Yang, X., 2016. Guest Editors Introduction: Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Developing Country Multinationals.Business Ethics Quarterly,26(03), pp.301-315. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R., MacDonald, C. and Hartman, L.P., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hoffman, W.M., Frederick, R.E. and Schwartz, M.S. eds., 2014.Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Jennings, M.M., 2014.Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings. Cengage Learning. May, D.R., Luth, M.T. and Schwoerer, C.E., 2014. The influence of business ethics education on moral efficacy, moral meaningfulness, and moral courage: A quasi-experimental study.Journal of Business Ethics,124(1), pp.67-80. O'Neill, O., 2013.Acting on principle: An essay on Kantian ethics. Cambridge University Press. Swanson, D.L. and Frederick, W.C., 2016. Denial and leadership in business ethics education.Business ethics: New challenges for business schools and corporate leaders, pp.222-240. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.