Traditional Ideologies :: essays research papers

'Customary Ideologies' The writings that we, the peruser, will in general identify with most are the writings that mirror our qualities or incorporate certain social issues of the present. Messages, for example, these are in this way normally found adjacent to the beds, on the end tables and in the cabinets of numerous Australians. These writings, in a path go about as a gauge for qualities, and moves in values in our general public. This can be seen in numerous examples. For instance, take the component film 'The Castle'. The commonplace Australian family, the Kerrigans, spoke to in this film was not picked unintentionally. No, no they were picked in light of the fact that the essayists of this film realized that ordinary Australians could identify with the Kerrigans and somehow or another see themselves in this basic family. The film embraces numerous Australian qualities and mentalities, to which the regular Australian can identify with as well as comprehend aswell. The content goes about as a mode for the watcher to understand his/her own qualities and encourages the watcher to perceive the social qualities that encompass him/her. In any case, messages don't only educate the peruser regarding values present in the general public. They can likewise mirror the current move in qualities and mentalities from the prevailing philosophies. This can be seen vigorously in the novel 'Cloudstreet' by Tim Winton. In this content numerous characters are believed to have to some degree various jobs in the family that one would anticipate. Lester Lamb is an astounding case of this. The conventional job of the man in the house is to go out and buckle down for his cash and get back home to a spouse who might bolster him and take care of the house and the children. Notwithstanding, Lester is depicted as a delicate man who cooks and cleans normally aswell as assists with a large number of the family errands. He likewise appears to have no fight with his significant other having the majority of the authority over the family or him doing his fair share. This is obviously a stage away from the customary belief system of what a man should act like. This smart characterisation speaks to the move away from the customary sexual orientation jobs that have for such a long time been implemented in our general public. Which leaves the peruser thinking, by and by, about their own qualities and the now moving estimations of the general public. This point can be additionally found in the short story 'Neighbors', which is likewise composed by Tim Winton.

All Churhes Are Cults Essays - Cult, Pejoratives, French Law

All Churhes Are Cults A great many people go to chapel to keep up their confidence in God; for me, going to chapel made me free mine. The congregation I went to was called Faith Baptist. It was a little, decrepit, old church, not an exceedingly old church with dazzling engineering, however a plain, current church that had developed old and run down. The structure comprised of a square exercise room with worn tape blemishes on the floor, around five or six little study halls, a nursery, a house of prayer, and obviously, the haven, fixed with columns and lines of wooden seats looking towards a wooden cross extending structure the floor to the roof. Each Sunday I would stroll into the congregation over the well used earthy colored rug and up the steps to the smelly room where my Sunday school class met. Consistently the educators, Mr. what's more, Mrs. Sweet, would present to us surprising thoughts and fantastic stories from the holy book and attempt to startle us into accepting whatever they let us know. They would inform us concerning the ?Rapture?, which most essentially expresses that one day Jesus will return to earth and kill everybody that doesn't have confidence in him. They revealed to us how premature birth isn't right; it's equivalent to murdering somebody. They disclosed to us how gay people will push off in light of the fact that they are horrendous delinquents. They revealed to us how Jesus passed on and ?rose once more?, and in particular, they disclosed to us how God is the one in particular who could pass judgment on us. I generally tuned in to them, and I imagined that I accepted, yet something was never fully right. As time advanced, what wasn't right turned out to be clear. Such a significant number of the things they had instructed us repudiated one another, as ?You needn't bother with cash to adore God?, yet they went around a contribution plate. The logical inconsistency that pestered me the most was that they said God was the one in particular who could pass judgment on individuals, and they made a decision about individuals constantly. They made a decision about individuals who were gay, individuals who were separated, individuals who had premature births, and individuals who had an alternate religion. This inconsistency drove me into the experience that at long last sent me to the brink. It was when Mr. furthermore, Mrs. Sweet chose to do an investigation of ?factions? during Sunday school class. They came arranged with handouts and printed data from books about different religions. They gave every one of us a backwoods green envelope and a duplicate of the data for every religion, so we could spare it since it was so significant. At that point, every week we would take out our envelope and Mr. furthermore, Mrs. Sweet would give us another faction religion to place in it. We began with Buddhism and Muslim religions, which were so unique in relation to immersion that calling them factions didn't appear to be excessively outlandish. Be that as it may, from that point forward, we proceeded onward to Mormon and Catholics religions, and I could see no chance to get where they could be called factions. Mr. also, Mrs. Sweet thought of an approach to show that each religion other than imm ersion was a clique. In any case, it didn't stop there; Mrs. Sweet disclosed to us that The Lion King, indeed, Disney's The Lion King was a ?cultic film? furthermore, she lamented each letting her grandkids watch it. She said in light of the fact that the film discussed the hover of life that it was about resurrection, something Baptists don't have confidence in, along these lines making it cultic. At the point when she said this to us I needed to hold my mouth shut so I wouldn't giggle in her face. That was and still is one of the most silly things I have ever heard. After those two months of ?religion? study I could no longer grasp how individuals could go to chapel and tune in to and think whatever was said there. I understood that those individuals and their convictions were crazy, unwarranted, and of no utilization to me, so I quit going to chapel. I quit constraining myself to put stock in something that didn't bode well, and had no evidence or rationale behind it since I was terrified of what might befall me when I kick the bucket. I despite everything don't have a clue what will befall me, I'm despite everything terrified, except I

Cheap and Easy Delicious Student Dinners

Cheap and Easy Delicious Student Dinners The Best Students Dinners You Can Make The Best Students Dinners You Can Make Budget-friendly student dinners are vital The old cliche of ramen noodles and frozen vegetables as typical student dinners doesn’t have to be true for you if you know how and what to buy. Eating well is not just enjoyable, it is foundational to how you feel, and maximizes your cognitive functioning. Consuming high amounts of processed sugars, and an overall low-quality diet of packaged, processed foods is going to mess with your body and your mind’s ability to keep up with the day-to-day demands of university. If you are a university student, or are soon to be one, and you are worried about maintaining a healthy diet during your studies, below are some cheap and easy dinners for students that will nurture mind, body, and soul without decimating your wallet. Fresh pasta sauce Even if you consider yourself a sub-par chef, anyone can boil pasta noodles. Simply fill a pot with water, bring to a boil, fill with as many noodles you plan on eating (it’s always a good idea to make leftovers either for lunch the next day, or to eat again the following evening), making sure the noodles are covered by at least an inch of water, add a bit of salt, and simmer on medium for ten minutes. You can regularly check the noodles while you’re cooking them to make sure they come out al dente. Now the sauce. You can buy store-bought sauce in a jar, but that’s expensive (and typically not that great), or you can take half an hour and make enough fresh pasta sauce to last you for an entire week’s worth of meals. Take 5 tomatoes, ¾ teaspoon of salt, 2 tablespoons of olive oil, 1 tablespoon of tomato paste, half a garlic clove, 1 sprig of basil, and 1 bay leaf. This recipe will give you about 2.5 cups of pasta sauce (which should amount to around 4 meals). If you really want to economize, you can double, triple, or quadruple the batch and invest in some plastic storage containers which you can fill with sauce and place in the fridge for future consumption. Hearty soups A hearty homemade chicken soup is another essential item in the student dinners repertoire. This is something that can be made inexpensively, and which you can make a lot of. Soups are especially great during the cold months because comfort food always provides a nice emotional boost as well. To make homemade chicken soup, however, you will need a large soup pot. This might be something you request for a birthday, graduation, or an anniversary. Or you can quickly save enough money on grocery bills to repay the investment with just a few uses. To begin this meal, you’ll need to pick up a 3 pound roasted chicken from your local grocery store. Whole chickens are usually cheaper (pound-for-pound) than buying pre-cut parts like breasts, thighs, and legs because no labour costs have gone into preparing it. You will also need 4 halved carrots, 4 halved celery stalks, 1 haved large onion, salt and pepper (however much you deem necessary), and 1 teaspoon of chicken bouillon. All you have to do with this recipe is put the chicken and vegetables into the pot, cover with cold water, bring the water to a boil and simmer it (with the pot uncovered) until the meat falls off the bones, making sure to skim any foam off the top every once in a while. Then remove everything from the pot, strain the broth, remove any bones, dice the vegetables, add the salt, pepper, bouillon, chicken, and veggies to the strained broth, stir and serve. Homemade Tzatziki and pita Middle Eastern and Mediterranean dips and flatbreads are some of the tastiest, healthiest, easiest (if you know what you’re doing) student dinners on the planet, and tzatziki has to be at the top of the list. Most countries in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean have some version of the yogurt-based dip, but you can’t go wrong with Greek Tzatziki. Best of all, you can eat off of the $15 worth of groceries it costs to make the dip for days. Tzatziki can be whipped up in around 15 minutes. To make it you’ll need one tub of thick, unflavoured greek yogurt, a lemon, a head of garlic, salt, pepper, olive oil, dill, and a cucumber. Olive oil is not cheap, but if you spend $10 on a bottle, it should last you a while. To begin, empty the tub of yogurt into a medium-sized mixing bowl. You will also need something to grate (the cucumber and the garlic). Grate half a cucumber using the largest holes on the grater. Place the cucumber into a couple of folded pieces of paper towel and then strain the water out by squeezing the mass together over the sink. Once sufficiently drained (you don’t want your tzatziki full of water), add the grated cucumber to the yoghurt. Then at 4 cloves of grated garlic (or more if you like garlic), at least two tablespoons of dill (or more if you like dill), grate one teaspoon of lemon zest, squeeze in juice from the entire lemon, add salt and pepper to taste, a tablespoon of olive oil, mix very well and set in the fridge to chill (or eat at room temperature if you’re hungry). You can pick up a package of 8-10 pitas in the bakery section at your grocery store for a few dollars. Learning to make, and keep to a food budget are two skills you will invariably learn while at university. Eating well should be a priority, and you don’t need to break the bank to put together meals that will fuel you, be a joy to eat and make, and won’t eat up hours of your time preparing. If you find yourself pressed for time, and have reverted to the old cliche student dinners mentioned at the beginning of this article, contact Homework Help Global and let one of our professional academic essay writers help lighten the load while you refuel properly. References: Furneaux, L. (2016). “Five Steps to Eating Well at University.” Times Higher Education. Retrieved from: student-blog-five-steps-eating-well-university Hart, M. (2018). “How to Cook Pasta Perfectly (Because You’re Probably Doing it Wrong).” Greatist. Retrieved from: how-to-cook-pasta Selhub, E. (2015). “Nutritional Psychiatry: Your Brain on Food.” Harvard Medical School. Retrieved from: nutritional-psychiatry-your-brain-on-food-20151116862 Tannis, D. (2018). “Quick Fresh Tomato Sauce.” New York Times. Retrieved from: 1017650-quick-fresh-tomato-sauce Cheap and Easy Delicious Student Dinners The Best Students Dinners You Can Make The Best Students Dinners You Can Make Budget-friendly student dinners are vital The old cliche of ramen noodles and frozen vegetables as typical student dinners doesn’t have to be true for you if you know how and what to buy. Eating well is not just enjoyable, it is foundational to how you feel, and maximizes your cognitive functioning. Consuming high amounts of processed sugars, and an overall low-quality diet of packaged, processed foods is going to mess with your body and your mind’s ability to keep up with the day-to-day demands of university. If you are a university student, or are soon to be one, and you are worried about maintaining a healthy diet during your studies, below are some cheap and easy dinners for students that will nurture mind, body, and soul without decimating your wallet. Fresh pasta sauce Even if you consider yourself a sub-par chef, anyone can boil pasta noodles. Simply fill a pot with water, bring to a boil, fill with as many noodles you plan on eating (it’s always a good idea to make leftovers either for lunch the next day, or to eat again the following evening), making sure the noodles are covered by at least an inch of water, add a bit of salt, and simmer on medium for ten minutes. You can regularly check the noodles while you’re cooking them to make sure they come out al dente. Now the sauce. You can buy store-bought sauce in a jar, but that’s expensive (and typically not that great), or you can take half an hour and make enough fresh pasta sauce to last you for an entire week’s worth of meals. Take 5 tomatoes, ¾ teaspoon of salt, 2 tablespoons of olive oil, 1 tablespoon of tomato paste, half a garlic clove, 1 sprig of basil, and 1 bay leaf. This recipe will give you about 2.5 cups of pasta sauce (which should amount to around 4 meals). If you really want to economize, you can double, triple, or quadruple the batch and invest in some plastic storage containers which you can fill with sauce and place in the fridge for future consumption. Hearty soups A hearty homemade chicken soup is another essential item in the student dinners repertoire. This is something that can be made inexpensively, and which you can make a lot of. Soups are especially great during the cold months because comfort food always provides a nice emotional boost as well. To make homemade chicken soup, however, you will need a large soup pot. This might be something you request for a birthday, graduation, or an anniversary. Or you can quickly save enough money on grocery bills to repay the investment with just a few uses. To begin this meal, you’ll need to pick up a 3 pound roasted chicken from your local grocery store. Whole chickens are usually cheaper (pound-for-pound) than buying pre-cut parts like breasts, thighs, and legs because no labour costs have gone into preparing it. You will also need 4 halved carrots, 4 halved celery stalks, 1 haved large onion, salt and pepper (however much you deem necessary), and 1 teaspoon of chicken bouillon. All you have to do with this recipe is put the chicken and vegetables into the pot, cover with cold water, bring the water to a boil and simmer it (with the pot uncovered) until the meat falls off the bones, making sure to skim any foam off the top every once in a while. Then remove everything from the pot, strain the broth, remove any bones, dice the vegetables, add the salt, pepper, bouillon, chicken, and veggies to the strained broth, stir and serve. Homemade Tzatziki and pita Middle Eastern and Mediterranean dips and flatbreads are some of the tastiest, healthiest, easiest (if you know what you’re doing) student dinners on the planet, and tzatziki has to be at the top of the list. Most countries in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean have some version of the yogurt-based dip, but you can’t go wrong with Greek Tzatziki. Best of all, you can eat off of the $15 worth of groceries it costs to make the dip for days. Tzatziki can be whipped up in around 15 minutes. To make it you’ll need one tub of thick, unflavoured greek yogurt, a lemon, a head of garlic, salt, pepper, olive oil, dill, and a cucumber. Olive oil is not cheap, but if you spend $10 on a bottle, it should last you a while. To begin, empty the tub of yogurt into a medium-sized mixing bowl. You will also need something to grate (the cucumber and the garlic). Grate half a cucumber using the largest holes on the grater. Place the cucumber into a couple of folded pieces of paper towel and then strain the water out by squeezing the mass together over the sink. Once sufficiently drained (you don’t want your tzatziki full of water), add the grated cucumber to the yoghurt. Then at 4 cloves of grated garlic (or more if you like garlic), at least two tablespoons of dill (or more if you like dill), grate one teaspoon of lemon zest, squeeze in juice from the entire lemon, add salt and pepper to taste, a tablespoon of olive oil, mix very well and set in the fridge to chill (or eat at room temperature if you’re hungry). You can pick up a package of 8-10 pitas in the bakery section at your grocery store for a few dollars. Learning to make, and keep to a food budget are two skills you will invariably learn while at university. Eating well should be a priority, and you don’t need to break the bank to put together meals that will fuel you, be a joy to eat and make, and won’t eat up hours of your time preparing. If you find yourself pressed for time, and have reverted to the old cliche student dinners mentioned at the beginning of this article, contact Homework Help Global and let one of our professional academic essay writers help lighten the load while you refuel properly. References: Furneaux, L. (2016). “Five Steps to Eating Well at University.” Times Higher Education. Retrieved from: student-blog-five-steps-eating-well-university Hart, M. (2018). “How to Cook Pasta Perfectly (Because You’re Probably Doing it Wrong).” Greatist. Retrieved from: how-to-cook-pasta Selhub, E. (2015). “Nutritional Psychiatry: Your Brain on Food.” Harvard Medical School. Retrieved from: nutritional-psychiatry-your-brain-on-food-20151116862 Tannis, D. (2018). “Quick Fresh Tomato Sauce.” New York Times. Retrieved from: 1017650-quick-fresh-tomato-sauce

Advisor vs. Adviser How to Choose the Right Word

Much like toward and towards, the words advisor and adviser often pose some common conundrums: Do the two different, but correct, spellings of the same word convey subtly different meanings? And even if both are technically correct, is one more â€Å"appropriate† than the other in certain circumstances? Both advisor and adviser are examples of a category of nouns called agent nouns—nouns that refer to someone or something that performs the action of a verb and typically end in either â€Å"or† or â€Å"er,† like â€Å"worker† or â€Å"detector.† So, even though a person who writes is a writer, a person who dances is a dancer, and a person who wanders is a wanderer, a person who advises can be an adviser or an advisor. If their meaning is the same, how do you decide whether to use advisor or adviser? While both spellings are acceptable, both are not equally preferred. How to Use Advisor Both advisor and adviser refer to one who advises or gives advice to others. Advisor with the -or ending, is of Latin origin. Often, youll see this spelling used in more formal contexts, government, job titles, or academic work. Advisor is more heavily used, both in titles and otherwise, in scholarly and academic texts throughout the English-speaking world. This may be due to the fact that the -or suffix is commonly used with verbs that have a Latin origin. There is a largely unproven theory that due to its origin, advisor denotes a more â€Å"formal† tone than adviser, thus making it better suited for use in academic writing. The Virginia Tech University Style Guide, for example, recommends the use of advisor, as it is â€Å"used more commonly in academe,† adding that â€Å"adviser is acceptable in releases going to organizations that follow AP [Associated Press] style.† Although adviser is the heavily preferred spelling outside of North America, in the United States and Canada, advisor is often used as part of official job titles such as â€Å"financial advisor† or â€Å"academic advisor.† Advisor also appears to be preferred by the U.S. government, as in national security advisor and veterans preference advisor. Again, however, this is a preference, not a rule, as adviser is often used in titles too. How to Use Adviser The word adviser, ending with -er is of English origin. Overall, there appears to be a preference for the use of adviser in English. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, adviser appears more often than advisor. As a result, English-language usage guides, such as Garner’s Modern American Usage, list adviser as the recommended—but not mandatory—spelling, with advisor as a variant. However, the Associated Press Stylebook requires adviser. Both forms of the word first appeared in English texts written between 1605 and 1615. However, it is believed that adviser had been commonly used for several years before advisor first appeared, perhaps contributing to its wider range of acceptance today. Examples Following are a couple of examples of the word in use: On dorm move-in day, freshmen will meet the resident adviser (RA), who will help the students acclimate to their new home.As you approach retirement, you should meet with a financial advisor periodically to keep your money properly diversified. As stated, the words are interchangeable in meaning, so there are generally no negative ramifications in using either one—unless youre following a particular style guide in your work or are in a regulatory environment. Financial planning consultant Bob Veres told Investment News, Whenever I see someone spell adviser with an e, I know its a securities attorney or an industry lobbyist who specializes in the SEC [Securities and Exchange Commission], because the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 spells the term that way. A couple of additional examples: The presidents national security adviser informed him of the current situation.President Obama named Susan Rice to the post of national security advisor. If youre writing an article for a newspaper or magazine that follows AP style, use the more common adviser, according to the stylebooks entry for the generic word usage. But if youre referring to a persons company-conferred job title, defer to the companys spelling of the word. How to Remember the Difference Fortunately, you dont have to remember the difference between the two words because they mean the same thing. Just be aware of the preference of whomever youre writing for or how a persons title is noted in his or her official job description. Because neither adviser nor advisor is grammatically wrong, usage of the two words really comes down to a matter of choice, with a caveat. They should be used consistently. With few exceptions, they shouldnt both be used in the same document. Exceptions to Consistency Those few exceptions to consistency in a single document include usage in proper names and titles and in quotations. When used in proper names and titles, adviser and advisor should always be spelled as they are in the title. In the president’s â€Å"Council of Economic Advisers,† for example, use of advisor would be incorrect. Similarly, when quoting text from another document, adviser and advisor should be spelled as they are in the source. One Rule: Adviser as an Adjective Although adviser is the generally preferred spelling when the word is used as a noun, the adjectival form of adviser is correctly spelled advisory. For example: As a noun: I work as an adviser for my company.As an adjective: I will be working for the firm in an advisory capacity. This may contribute to the confusion surrounding adviser vs. advisor. However, while either adviser or advisor can be used in most cases, advisory is the only correct adjectival spelling. Advisery isn’t even a word. Sources â€Å"Adviser.†Ã‚  Associated Press Stylebook, www.apstylebook.com/ap_stylebook/adviser.â€Å"Adviser | Definition of Adviser in English by Oxford Dictionaries.†Ã‚  Oxford Dictionaries | English, Oxford Dictionaries, en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/adviser.Benjamin, Jeff. â€Å"Adviser or Advisor? The Debate Rages On.†Ã‚  InvestmentNews - The Investing News Source for Financial Advisers, 19 Mar. 2017, www.investmentnews.com/article/20170319/FREE/170319931/adviser-or-advisor-the-debate-rages-on.Garner, Bryan A.  Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009. â€Å"University Style Guide.†Ã‚  VT Virginia Tech, vt.edu/brand/resources/university-style-guide.html.

David Brooks s Our Sprawling Supersize Utopia - 956 Words

David Berreby who is known as the author of â€Å"It Takes a Tribe,† was born in France in 1958. He was raised by an American mother and a Jewish father. Berreby talks about the lifestyle of being a college student in gaining a respectable position in the hierarchy of a college tradition within the club membership. David Berrebys’ analysis of ‘us’ v’s ‘them’ brings an impact to all the students because they feel like they need to find or join a group in which they belong to. As for David Brooks, the author of â€Å"Our Sprawling Supersize Utopia† who was born in Toronto, Ontario. Brooks was born and raised by his American citizen father in Canada. He made a claim on how suburbs were sprawling and the lifestyles in this society are becoming complex for those people who desire to expand their way of adapting and living in the different environment. Both authors have the same similarities for advancing in a new way of living and as a group, people should be addressed in fitting in a particular social society. As a human being, our ability to consider something is extraordinary due to our needs and wants. â€Å"Once people see that they ve been divided into groups, they ll act accordingly, even if they know that the divisions are as meaningless† (Berreby 10). Is it necessary for us to divide ourselves according to who is better and not? The group of people are frightened to speak on their own behalf and appoint an opinion, due to the fact that other people will criticize them that they are

Asses the Significance of the Treaty of Versailles Free Essays

The Treaty of Versailles did not dismantle Germany from its ability to wage war; it neither made the people grateful towards the allies. As the Italian political philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli of the 1500’s stated â€Å"___________†. The Treaty imposed many demands of the war weary country, these demands did not have an immediate effect on the country, and it instead gave a long-term legacy of bitterness and humiliation. We will write a custom essay sample on Asses the Significance of the Treaty of Versailles or any similar topic only for you Order Now The defeat of the German military was a shock to most Germans, as they were made to believe that they would be the victors in the â€Å"Great War†. The Treaty came as an equal shock, as it gave the government no chance to negotiate the terms. The terms included military provisions to be changed, territories to be given away and reparations to be paid. The military of Germany was to be reduced to 100,000 and Germany was not allowed to produce any guns, poisonous gas or tanks. These terms affected many Germans especially wealthy industrialists who made large profits from the business. Those thousands employed into factories to build weapons also lost their jobs. The German military was at a time four million strong before the war with the reduced military this put thousands of trained men onto the streets without employment, these men would prove later to be enemies of the new republic. The German General Staff was dismantled, therefore putting influential generals such as Ludendorff and Hindenburg unemployed but most importantly there loyalty was to nobody since the Kaiser abdicated. This allowed ambitious politicians to take advantage of the famed generals as they persuaded them to join their political parties. An example of this is Hitler having Ludendorff join him in his 1924 failed Munich Beerhall Putsch, he was used as a symbolic figure supporting Hitler’s regime. The powerful navy that German had, was to be reduced to a mere few ships, and the U-boats were strictly forbidden. This had the same affect as it did with the army; it put hundreds of sailors on the streets unemployed and angry. Since it was not the Military that decided to sign the armistice they felt a sense of betrayal from the new government. This was to be called the â€Å"Stab in the back† theory, which was used by the military to explain why they were defeated and recalled. This theory was made to preserve the unscathed honor of the German military. The territories that the Treaty demanded were immense. The long held provinces of Alsace and Lorraine were taken by France. These provinces had been held by Germany since 1871, the people were a generation of Germans and the immediate change came as a shock. The Allies also claimed economic control over the rich coal-producing area of the Saar basin, its workers were German but the production was to go to France. This had a dramatic effect on the amount of coal German was producing, before the war Germany war producing 277 million tonnes and 14 million tonnes of steel. Because of the economic control of the Saar basin both of these vast industries were badly disabled, this therefore effected Germany producing an effective income from these industries that it prospered. The large region of Posen was created into a new country called Poland, but the allies determined that the new nation needed access to the sea. Therefore part of West Prussia was given to Poland, this area was called the Polish Corridor where many Germans lived, now under the new country Poland. The large city of Danzig was also taken from Germany and taken by the control of the new-formed League of Nations. Schleswig a region farthest north of Germany and south of Denmark was to be given to the government of Denmark, as the regions of Eupen and Malemdy was given to Belgium. The large area of the Rhine land, which lied on the border of Belgium and France, was to be demilitarized effectively stopping any further motivations to invade France. Germany had ten colonies based in Africa and Asia; these colonies had an overall population of fifteen million, adding trade and tax income to Germany’s government. But the Allies stated in the Treaty that Germany was â€Å"Colonially Unworthy† and as a result lost control of all her colonies. These colonies were controlled and administrated by the League of Nations. All these territorial demands from the Treaty of Versailles not only had an economic impact to the German country but it had a morale effect of humiliation to the German populace. Many articles in German Newspapers such as the Deutsche Zeitung stated, â€Å"German honor is being carried into its grave†¦. The German people will with unceasing labor press forward to reconquer the place among nations to which it is entitled. † and as well politicians used this as propaganda promising that their party will reclaim German honor. The Treaty also forced Germany to take full responsibility of the war. The Allies made them accept that it was their fault and that the countries all suffered because of Germanys selfishness. Because they were blamed for the war the Allies saw fit that they were to pay for the reparations of the war. This amount concluded to 32 billion American dollars, this was but a mere partial cost to the war but Germany still tried to resist paying the total amount. The reparations were not paid until 1921 a full three years after the signing of the Treaty. The initial German reaction the terms of the treaty was shock and anger. Since the Kaiser abdicated it fell upon the new government to sign the treaty, because of this the Weimar Republic was always held accountable for disgracing Germany. There were many in Germany, who urged a rejection of the treaty like Hindenburg, but many more had a realistic perspective and insisted that the government sign it; these people were General Groener and other members of the Reichstag. The initial anger and outbursts the treaty invoked on the people was of hopelessness, the reality was that Germany had little choice other than to accept the treaty. If the Government did not sign the Treaty the country would have been dismantled like it was after World War 2. The Treaty of Versailles importance is clearly exemplified in its determined effect of Germany. The country lost about thirteen percent of its territory, 12 percent of its population and a combined 64 percent of its iron and coal industries. But Germany still remained one of the strongest countries on the continent. As the Treaty effected the country on an emotionally level, the Germans of all classes were disgraced and angry at the Weimar Republic for signing the treaty. The Treaty obviously did not destroy Germanys ability to create an army (WW2) nor did it encourage them to not go to war. The effect of the Treaty forced a generation of Germans to swear vengeance on the Allies. How to cite Asses the Significance of the Treaty of Versailles, Essay examples

Importance of Business Ethics for the Organisation Free Sample

Question: Dicuss about the Ethical Theories. Answer: Many companies make use of various ways to promote the products and stay ahead of the competitors (Crane and Matten 2016). They make use of various tools and platforms that will promote the products. In addition to this, they might have use of various ways to attract the customers (Weiss 2014). At times, they might indulge in activities that might be entirely different from the sectors where the company is working (Hoffman, Frederick and Schwartz 2014). Indulging in various events will give the company proper recognition as more number of people will come to know about it (Chell et al. 2016). While carrying out the business the companies should not forget the business ethics that they should follow (Hartman et al. 2014). A business can be said to be successful only when they are in the business activities by keeping in mind the business ethics and then carrying out the business (DesJardins and McCall 2014). Not following the ethics will not only tarnish the image of the company but t he company might land up in legal issues (Doh, Husted and Yang 2016). The write-up will look into the ethical issues of Nike. Nike has arranged a marathon promote a new product. The ethical theory that will help in assessing the issues of Nike will be taken into account. Moreover, the actions of Nike will be discussed based on the theme that will be might be affected due to the actions taken by Nike. Nike caught the attention of many critics when it arranged a marathon in December 2016 (Dickinson 2016). The marathon was named breaking 2 and was aimed at breaking the 2 hour 2 minutes 57 seconds time of Dennis Kimetto. Other than the marathons that take place in any internationally acclaimed sports meet, some of the marathons are recognized by the rest of the world are the ones that are held in Berlin or London. On the contrary, the marathon that was arranged by Nike was not acclaimed in the international level. Nike promoted the fact if the runners wear shoes that are made from Nike, it will be easier for them to break world record of Dennis Kimetto. The worst part of the marathon is that if any of the individual is successful in breaking the record, there will be no official affirmation in his or her case. In spite of making such record, the person would not be recognized as the event is not recognized. Nike came under the radar for violating of business ethics mainly because of two things. Firstly, they are testing something in human endurance and capability and asking them to do something that is at par with something the professional sportspersons can do (Swanson and Frederick 2016). It can be dangerous to the health of the individual who will try to break the record. Secondly, some critics feel that, there are some special features in the shoes that might help a person to run faster (Jennings 2014). For example, the shoes will be attached with springs that will help the runners to run faster. The human beings are considered as guinea pigs and who are being experimented to test the new types of shoes that are being launched by Nike. Marketing a new product is the right of a company but experimenting something upon the human being and that too taking risk with the their health is not a ethical choice for any organization. The runner will only get recognition for Nike and no proper recognition will be given to the person who will be able to able the record . The person will remain a faceless and nameless individual without any award or recognition and will just be a matter of experiment for Nike (May, Luth and Schwoerer 2014). Experimenting with the health of people is highly unethical for company (Crane and Matten 2016). The action taken by Nike can be termed unethical going by the theory of ethic that has been introduced by Kant 11. (O'Neill 2013). Immanuel Kant is a German philosopher and he was quite opposing to utilitarianism ethics. utilitarianism ethics believed in the fact that an action can be called ethical or unethical based on the outcome of the action. An action can be unethical in nature but the reason for the unethical action can be ethical or the result of the unethical action can be ethical. In such a situation, the actions taken by an indicidal or an organization can be called ethical. Kant believed that there are certain actions that could not be justified even if the outcome of the action is good. He gave examples that some of the action like stealing, lying or murder cannot be accepted. Kant has asked the individuals to ask the following questions to oneself before indulging in any kind of actions: Can a person rationally will that others will think and act the way the person is acting or willing? If the answer to the question is no, then the person should prevent himself or herself to act in that way. Does the action of the individual respects the goals of the human beings or the actions are solving the purpose of the individual? If the answer is again no then also the person should stop in indulging in any such action. As far as Nike is concerned, the actions taken by the company can be said to be unethical as the company is arranging the event of the marketing and promotions of their products and they have not thought about the consequences of the actions (Weiss 2014). The actions are been taken into consideration to promote the product, which can be helpful for the company, but might can cause serious damage to the health of the individual (Hoffman, Frederick and Schwartz 2014). In addition to this, it has been predicted that shoes are being attached with springs that will help the person to run fast. Thus, it cannot be said to the contribution of the person who will be participating in the marathon will be false. It will be the features of the shoes that have helped the person to win the marathon. The action by Nike can be said to be unethical as the people will be under the delusion that they have won the title because of their ability (Chell et al. 2016). Corporate social responsibility is one of the biggest concerns for many organizations (Hartman et al. 2014). It should be the duty of every organization to think about the development of the society along with carrying out the business (DesJardins and McCall 2014). At times, the company might not indulge in any kind of action to fulfill their corporate social responsibility (Doh, Husted and Yang 2016). The actions that they will take while carrying out the business will show the corporate social responsibility (Swanson and Frederick 2016). The actions taken by Nike to promote the products were huge but the actions were a huge blow to the corporate social responsibility of the company. If they are carrying out an event and thinking of breaking a record, then they should have taken proper measures and would have taken the initiative to give recognition to the employees (Jennings 2014). They are promoting the products but they have not thought about the issues for the people who are taking part in the marathon (May, Luth and Schwoerer 2014). Some of the people might think that will be able to win the marathon as they trust the products of the company blindly. They might have not thought of the consequences. Nike might not take the responsibility of those people who might fall ill after running the distance of marathon (Crane and Matten 2016). After going through the actions of Nike and the theory of ethics as proposed by Kant, it can be concluded that the actions taken by Nike could be called unethical. The intentions of promotion of Nike can be justified. They were promoting their new products with the help of events and they had full right to ask the people participate in the event. However, the way they promoted the event was not ethical. They had set a target that is internationally acclaimed. They have not thought of the health of the individuals who would have trusted the shoes that have been newly launched by the company. The participants might think that the shoes will help them to achieve the goal. In addition to this, there was not international recognition for the marathon that was arranged by Nike. As per Kants theory, a person should not indulge in an action is just for the interest of one and not of interest for all. The actions of Nike could be justified from the perspective of the company and not from the perspective of every individual. In addition to this, Nike has also violated the corporate social responsibility of the company that an organization should have for the society. They have not thought of the people but only thought about the business. References Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D., 2016. Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J., 2014.Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Dickinson, M. 2016. Count swooshes and take a guess. [online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/the-times-sport/the-sub-twohour-marathon-a-nike-gimmick-or-sport-evolution/news-story/a4af7a84f239fe84d2c5b30ed52e8c55 [Accessed 5 Apr. 2017]. Doh, J., Husted, B.W. and Yang, X., 2016. Guest Editors Introduction: Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Developing Country Multinationals.Business Ethics Quarterly,26(03), pp.301-315. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R., MacDonald, C. and Hartman, L.P., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hoffman, W.M., Frederick, R.E. and Schwartz, M.S. eds., 2014.Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Jennings, M.M., 2014.Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings. Cengage Learning. May, D.R., Luth, M.T. and Schwoerer, C.E., 2014. The influence of business ethics education on moral efficacy, moral meaningfulness, and moral courage: A quasi-experimental study.Journal of Business Ethics,124(1), pp.67-80. O'Neill, O., 2013.Acting on principle: An essay on Kantian ethics. Cambridge University Press. Swanson, D.L. and Frederick, W.C., 2016. Denial and leadership in business ethics education.Business ethics: New challenges for business schools and corporate leaders, pp.222-240. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Just for Feet free essay sample

But turn to inventory turnover rate, the number was quite terrible for a retail company. Compare to average number of the industry which is around 2. 8-3. 2, JFF’s faced a serious difficulty on inventory turnover, which led to a potential risk in generating profit. Also the return on assets and equity were below the competitors in the market, and the time interest earned declined very fast during 1996-1998, means that the quality of financing activities was poor. * High-risk financial statement items: For 1998 audit, there were several factors should be carefully concerned. The first was the number of inventory. JFF’s inventory in 1998 consisting more than half of the company’s total assets, which was a high risk factor and need more efforts on physical confirmation and valuation. The second audit red flag was the negative cash flow. The common cash flow for a retail company should be positive and this is especially true for those large, well established ones. We will write a custom essay sample on Just for Feet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So JFF’s situation made it stand out in the industry, and the audit process should focus on this abnormal fact. Moreover, the dramatic increases in debt and the rising of accounts payable should also be considered and require extra audit attention. Q2. Identify internal control risks common to large, high-volume retail. How should these risks affect the audit planning decisions for such a client? Generally speaking, the most possible internal control risk to large, high-volume retail stores is that about inventory. How to count it and value it accurately is always the issue that auditors should concern most. The audit team should examine the company’s period physical count records and perform year-end inventory count by themselves to ensure the accuracy of inventory number. Also, another very important risk area that auditors should pay attention to is the cash accounts. The audit procedures designed to examine whether the financial figures are fairly stated should adjust to adapt to the specific company base on its overall business environment and operating characteristics. In addition, retail companies always adopt cost leadership strategy which minimizes operating expenses. This will result in inconsistency in policies because of decentralization and high employer turnover rate because of low human resource expense, and both these factors will accordingly increase risk of accounting errors or frauds. In order to issue opinion properly for a retail company, auditors should plan appropriate audit test focus on these high risk areas. Q3. Identify inherent risk factors common to businesses facing such competitive conditions. How should these risks affect the audit planning decisions for such a client? Intensively competitive business environment will increase the management’s pressure and thus increase the inherent audit risk of the company. In order to satisfy shareholders or investors, management maybe commit fraudulent financial reporting to cover the company’s worsened operation conditions. In this situation, audit planning should have certain procedures to test the opportunities whether management can commit fraud, such as inquiries of management and employers to establish an overall understanding of the client’s strategies and business, industry and economic environment and competitors’ situations. Also another risk factor that will increase the company’s inherent audit risk is the situation of its cash flow. If a retail company has a negative cash flow which means it not generating enough cash to maintain its operations, the risk of misstatement will accordingly increase. As stated in Q1, auditors should spend more efforts on examine the cash accounts if the cash flow of the company shows some abnormal signals. Q4. Identify the audit risk factors present for the 1998 audit. Rank 5 factors that were the most critical to the successful completion of that audit. Did Deloitte auditors responded appropriately to these factors? * Management pressure under highly competitive business environment. * Large inventory size (more than half of total assets) and low inventory turnover(less than half of the industry average). * Unusual financial reporting â€Å"treatments† such as vendor allowances and income control. * Continuing negative cash flow. * Drastic increase in overall debt during the past three years. * Decentralized business. * Low return on assets and equity. The audit risk factors stated above are in my opinion in descending order of importance to the 1998 audit of JFF. First, the management tone is always the critical aspect whether a company will or will not commit a fraudulent financial reporting. If the management is under high pressure in a highly competitive market at the same time has the opportunities to access inappropriate behaviors, it will result in high possibilities that this company conduct intentional misstatement or omission of adequate disclosure in financial statements. And in the JFF case, the unusual facts such as the low inventory turnover and continuing negative cash flow and dramatic increase in debt are also the areas should be pay enough attention to complete a successful audit. Always these unusual facts will increase the difficulties of the company’s operation sustainability, thus let to high risk of accounting fraud activities happening. To some extent, Deloitte auditors did try to complete professional audit for JFF and adopt several tests to finish this process properly, but on the other hand, they failed to respond enough to the dwindling cash and increased debt. They also failed to discover the fact that JFF’s business consistently grow despite of continuing negative operating cash flows in more than three years. These are all the unusual facts for a well-established and high profit retail company. So in my opinion, Deloitte auditors failed to respond appropriately to all possible audit risk factors, and thus led to their failure in the audit process of JFF. Q5. How would you have responded when being asked to send a false confirmation to Deloitte Touche? Before responding, identify the parties who will be affected by your decision. Commonly, all the parties that involved in the company’s business will be affected by booth income if it is false stated. Actually, this is an intentional manipulation of financial statement which will not be accepted under GAAP and related law. Shareholders, investors, vendors and suppliers, customers and company’s employees all will be affected if this false booth income was stated and thus led to certain punishment or penalty on JFF and ultimately caused the company went out of business. If I was in the position of Thomas Shine in this case, I would say no to Don-Allen Ruttenberg. This is simply because as an auditor, I should preform professionally and comply with AICPA Code of professional conduct. It is not allowed to make false financial statement confirmation when I was clearly know what is happening. This may cause some trouble to my career in the short term like I might lose this client or so, but I believe doing the right thing will ultimately benefit me in the long term career development.

Leadership Style Emotion

Leadership Style Emotion Article Summary The article on Leadership Style Emotion has broadly explored the impact of negative and positive organizational behaviors. According to the authors, all leaders aim at maximizing the ultimate performance of their workers in regards to achieving their organizational goals (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Leadership Style Emotion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The leadership style administered is therefore very crucial for reaching and achieving the set goals. The authors assert that the transformational approach in leadership is more yielding compared to the transaction approach (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002). They argue that the style of leadership used contributes greatly in the performance of the subordinate. Links Between Performance and Leadership Nonetheless, McColl-Kennedy Anderson (2002) are careful to note that leadership style cannot be the sol e determinant factor in regards to workers performance. Factors such as worker’s perception of their leader’s style in leadership greatly affect their performance (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002). Workers feelings about their ability to perform with the type of leadership provided has a great influence on their willingness to perform their duties as the authors assert (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002). The article shows the links between performance and leadership styles as well as the implications of an imbalance between the two. Organizational behavior is greatly influenced by the leadership in an organization. Workers respond positively or negatively in their performance due to the organizational leadership structure. Leadership structures may cause the workers to feel more closely attached to the organization or it can create a social distance that can be detrimental to the success of the organization. There are a number of models of organizational behavior, which i nclude, Autocrat, custodial, supportive, and collegial models.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leadership Models In the models mentioned above, each meets a certain need. For instance, the autocrat model meets the subsistence needs of the employees. The custodial model on the other hand provides the employer with security and benefits. These two models according to research have been proven to have a minimal performance response. The supportive model as well as the collegiate model both focuses on encouraging the workers hence enhancing their performance. However, with the four models above, not many organizations operate with one exclusively without engaging at least an extra model. Managerial leadership that supports teamwork encourages employees to be responsible and demonstrate friendly relations will fellow colleagues (Roman Boyce, 2001). This posi tive organizational behavior can contribute greatly in achieving organizational goals. If for instance the management could consider investing in their employees through training, the performance of the organization would increase. Case Study, Hypothesis The management in a particular company decided to hold a training program aimed at improving workers knowledge on the market needs. They decided to offer training free of charge to their employees. Other employees also attended the seminar from different organization but they had to pay. Almost 90% of the employees of the organizing company attended the seminar, which was designed to improve their skills and productivity in the industry (Gilbreath Harris, 2002). A few months later after the conference, there were notable changes in the organization in terms of workers’ interaction as well as financial growth. The performance of the company went up.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Leadersh ip Style Emotion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company’s workforce became more free and interacted more efficiently with each other and a friendly culture was developed within the organization. The training helped the workers to have closer relations and work as a team. Best Leadership Models Leadership that focuses on the employees is more often successful compared to one that does not (Geller, 2001). Applying such leadership models that focus on the employees’ welfare such as the supportive and the collegial models, workers performance improves. This is partly due to a feeling of belonging and being part of the company. A company that supports and pays more attention to employees’ prerequisites benefits from greater loyalty compared to one that does not. With workers feeling as part of the company, their performance will definitely improve positively. Quality of Work Life, QWL and Its Effects For best performanc e among the workers, a leader must be keen to address the organization’s Quality of Work Life, QWL from time to time (Abernathy, 2001). Quality of Work Life refers to the favorable or the unfavorable working conditions in an organization. Leaders are tasked with the responsibility to ensure that the working environment is perfect and that it can allow effective and maximum productivity. According to McColl-Kennedy Anderson (2002), working conditions greatly influence the emotional buildup of workers. The authors indicate that both the leaders and the subordinates may have some negative or positive feelings depending on the working conditions they are subjected to (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002). Conclusion The article therefore has outlined the ways through which leadership in organizations can influence the organizational behavior. According to the authors, subordinates respond positively or negatively to the leadership style that is in place.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that before engaging a leadership model it is critical to analyze its impact on the organizational culture. A leadership style that contradicts workers culture will be rejected hence escalate negative emotions. As the authors have indicated, I agree that leadership styles have great impacts on organizational behavior. References Abernathy, B. (2001). Focused vs. Consolidated Measures in Performance Pay Systems. The Behavior Analyst Today, 3 (1), 7–12. Geller, S. (2001). Behavioral Safety: Meeting the Challenge of Making a Large-Scale Difference. The Behavior Analyst Today, 2 (2), 64–75. Gilbreath Harris (2002) Performance-Based Pay in the Workplace: Magic Potion or Malevolent Poison? The Behavior Analyst Today, 3 (3), 311–316. McColl-Kennedya, J., Anderson, R. (2002). Impact of leadership style and emotions On subordinate performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 1 (1) 545–559. Roman, H.R. Boyce, T.E. (2001). Institutionalizing Behavior-Based S afety: Theories, Concepts, and Practical Suggestions. The Behavior Analyst Today, 3 (1), 76–82.

MNE should stop outsourcing to developing countries 2 Assignment

MNE should stop outsourcing to developing countries 2 - Assignment Example The information collected will then be analyzed using tables and graphs. As competition continues to be tough, organizations are seeking to counter challenges presented by the ever-changing environment by frequently coming up with strategies that will ensure effective performance. One of such strategies is outsourcing. Outsourcing refers to the practice of entrusting part or whole of an organization’s function or process to a supplier. There has been great concern regarding the negative impacts that such a move can pose to an organization in terms of employee performance. For instance, Rosheen and Hammayoun assert that the practice of outsourcing may lead to grave effects on employee commitment and loyalty because the outsourced agencies may not be well aware of the organizations culture, values, and goals. The term â€Å"Multinational Enterprise (MNE)† denotes a kind of firm, which has its headquarters in only one country but has operations in several other nations. In other words, organizations’ that have their own production and/or service accommodations in one or more than one nation apart from home country is known as a multinational enterprise (Dunning and Lundan 3-5). Organizations strive to cut on costs by employing the outsourcing technique in order to stay competitive as well as maintaining a strong financial base. However, Bockerman and Marilanta suggest that the short-term costs occasioned by adjustments as a result of outsourcing, lead to resentment from employees. This will in turn have negative effects on the level of job satisfaction among the employees of an organization. In this regard, it is observed that outsourcing has become a key strategy for the multinational enterprises. In accordance with Wladimir Andreff (2009), multinational enterprises strateg ies are actually influenced by certain theoretical models; among them John

Recommendation Report for Debenhams Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recommendation Report for Debenhams - Assignment Example This report is useful to the extent that it provides information about the position of the company and about its management structure which might have future implications for its strategic decisions. By looking at the dividend policy, key stake can understand the expected returns from the company or its future growth plans. This report highlights the activities that the company is doing for the community as a whole. This includes imbibing â€Å"green† operations which do not have negative impact on the environment, following ethical practices which means that the company does not indulge in activities that immoral, being employee focused and ensuring their professional and personal growth, being customer centric by understanding their requirements and being useful to the society as a whole by donating to the needy or starting projects that help in improving the quality of life of individuals (media.corporate-ir.net). Consistent fall in consumer spending is a very significant risk for the company especially at the time when the world has still not come out of the economic crisis of 2008. Most of the company’s business is in UK and Ireland with only 2.7% of the total transactions being contributed by international business (media.corporate-ir.net). This can cause a major slowdown of the company owing to the fact that UK is going for major fiscal tightening measures and Ireland is also not showing much economic recovery. The company is trying to mitigate this risk with increasing its reach in international markets. Failure to roll out new stores can reduce sales. This has been accounted for by appropriate mitigating steps. This arises on account of failure of the company to understand consumer expectations and also on account of competition. The company claims to counter these risks by maintaining good customer as well as supplier relations. The company

Marketing plan of Tata Nano for UK market

Marketing plan of Tata Nano for UK market Tata is one of the biggest automobile manufacturer in India. Last year they have launch Nano which is the cheapest private car in the world. It is around Rs 1,000,000 which is  £1452.53 approx. Mr Ratan the chairman of Tata Ltd announced Nano model which a common middle class Indian can afford it easily and they called it as the Peoples Car. Nano was launched India 1st April, 2009. It was expected to be on road in July of the same year. It created a buzz in 2008 when it was first shown in an auto exhibition. People were so excited on the launching that on the first day of booking it received 5500 booking. The question arises, what makes Nano so affordable and cheap? Answer to this question Tata made it parts lighter, smaller, took all the shallow parts and changed without compromising the safety and fulfilment of environmental factors. According to Windecker (2005) these situation gives an emphasis the power of society of different cultures. In which low price cars have given high first choice over luxury, SUVs and sports cars. The latest trend has shown that low price cars are more in demand than the others even in the markets like US and UK. The Tata should be focus on the UK market. The reason behind selecting UK market as the primary target market is the status of India as a reasonable means in the market; UK Automobile market has the potential dynamics, potentials and communication similarities which are due to help an Indian company in the UK. The other potential markets that are to be considered are USA and Russia. USA is one of the largest markets in the world countries but th e reason for not considering US market as preferential is because quality requirements are very high and some non tariff obstacles which make it slightly harder for a new competitor to go into this market. The other reason is because the markets level of maturity, experience and competive pressure is quite high. On the other hand in Russian market, there were several factors high taxes on the new competitor etc which do not support an international company like Tata. This reason makes it less eye-catching than the UK market. The main being the development of the country is quiet tentative and dealers market is underdeveloped. The three models Tata Nano available in the market. Tata Nano, Tata Nano CX and Tata Nano LX. All the parts of the models of Nano will be imported to United Kingdom by Tata Industries. The car can be assembled by the factories in Halewood and in Northwest England. Tata Motors already have dealers in East Kent Audi in Kent and White May fair Audi in Greater London. Tata can distribute Tata Nano cars through these distribution centres only. 2.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS: Tata Motors Limited is arguably Indias largest automobile Company; it has revenues of over Rs. 1600 crores last year. Its Commercial vehicles are largest selling vehicles, and also it is ranked in top three in the passenger vehicles segment. Few of Tata vehicles also won the prizes in last three years. Another large announcement was made by Tata regarding their progress in the passenger vehicle segment. In January 2008 Tata announced that, The company would release a $2,500 car that could replace the motor scooters commonly used in developing countries to car around whole families (Carty, USA Today). The company is fourth largest truck and the second largest bus manufacturer in the world. Tata Motors also acquired Fords UK based car brands Jaguar and Land Rover in March 2008(BBC News, 2008). Ratan Naval Tata (Chairman of Tata Group), insist the need for an innovation like Nano is because of the nature of the market and transport of the country. In India availability and quality of mass transport are major problems. The two seated motorcycle is normally considered to be a family vehicle in India, Even though motorcycles are quite dangerous mode of transporting for a family. So with this in mind Tata Nano was created as a safer form of transport. (Pradeep Thakur, 2009) 3.0 Market Summary : The estimated number of cars on the road of United Kingdom more than 28 million, as per the survey more than 35% of the car on the road are low price vehicles. The price of such low price cars are estimated about say  £4500 to  £ 4812, which is almost 3 times higher than the price of TATA Nano.( Svend Hollensen, 2010) 3.1 Target Markets Identifying the target market for launching any product is necessary. So Tata have recognise the lower income group with family, students, first time buyers mainly young population, and used cars buyers as their potential target market. 3.2Positioning The greatest USP of Tata Nano is that it is the worlds cheapest car while being eco friendly as well. The company have not compromise the quality and safety of the car while making it cheapest car. By leveraging Tata Nanos competitive edge the positioning of the product can be achieved: industries Tata Motor who has been in vehicles industries (commercial, passengers utilities) since 1945 is already an experience player in the automobile market. Tata motor has good relationship with more than 100 components suppliers( Jagmohan Raju, 2010). 3.3 Geographics Tata Motors has targeted the urban area market such as London. Because according to the survey more than 60% of cars running in London are in lower price range. Secondary, the presence of Asian Community in London, Tata is a renowned name in automobile sector in India. That can play the fact that the market Tata is entering is not entirely new and it already have brand recognition. 3.4 Distribution review Tata Nano will be positioned as an affordable car in overseas markets same as it was done in Indian market.. The car will be assembled at pre-defined locations as the Easy to assemble kit will be imported from India. The proposed locations are Northwest England and Halewood. Its redistribution to showrooms can be done on regional basis. More than 40 sales offices will be opened throughout United Kingdom. 3.5 Competitor review The main competitors are Volkwagen, Renault, Peugeot, Toyota, BMW, Citroen, Ford, GM (Vauxhall), and Honda. As per the SMMT statistics, top Companies in selling cars in United kingdom are as follows: 4.0 SWOT Analysis: 4.1 Strengths: The first and foremost strength is that the car has low price, stylish, high fuel efficiency and environment friendly (Green House). Tata as company is already a known brand in the world which can create enough brand awareness in people to consider the product. The response of the car was very heart warming in the country of launch which increase the company turn over as well as the trading profit. Weakness The main weakness of the product is lack of luxury quality. And mere perception of the people because of the price of the product. The sophisticated buyer will feel that the product is not worth buying because of its price. The product is not technologically advance and the performance is average in compare to its competitors. 4.3 Opportunities: The product is relatively new. So in this case it can create an opportunity to Tata. As Nano is a nice specimen of Innovation. This is also an opportunity to the company to enhance its global presence. The market demand of lower price cars can also be an opportunity for the company launching the cheapest car in the world. 4.4 Threats: The major threat will be the competitors like Ford and GM. Their product Ka and Astra respectively are already major players in the market. The volatility of fuel price can also be seen as a major threat. The change of legislations and foreign policies can also affect the plan of Tata. The other threat face by the company can be the oil crisis, recession etc. 5.0 Pestle Analysis: 5.1 Political: According to Hormazd sorabjee, a top indian car journalist, Tata Nano is the most eco friendly and politically acceptable car ever launched in the market. It is expected that Nano will pressurize the automobile industry globally for have direct model in its price range. Other automobile manufacturers like Volkswagen have already shown interest by announcing their plans for a model of lower price range. But the cost will be slightly more when the factors like tax and manufacturing costs will be taken into account. The market will be surely affected by the increase in the oil price due the global economic unsteadiness which can also be a major factor. Any increase in the oil prices will affect the sales of luxury car, as it will surely go down. Mintel in 2006 stated because of this issue, an increase in the level demand has been developed towards the car with smaller engine with fuel effieciency. According to KPMG, 2004 Administrative barriers which quality controls and operations requ irements are not to be overlooked and a higher emphasis will be given to all safety measures and emission level which will result in increase in production costs. Because of which profit margin on the product will decrease. Mintel, 2006 stated that the increase of traffic on the road of UK can increase the threat of high capacity overload. Hill in 2002 stated in his article that the political relations between countries of operations can also be the factor which can affect the company. For example if India will cooperate with the UK within the government policy of favourability the UK government can leverage in tariff and non-tariff barriers which can make the entry for the company in UK market easier. The foreign ownership regulations (The market expansion mode (Hill, 2002) the government has remove some regulatory control from large numbers of industries which includes automobile as well. This means that it is up to the foreign companies to choose their mode of expansion the UK according to their preferences. 5.2 Economic: Strategies of pricing and potential profit on investment are the major issues that affect the current as well as the future market growth. These factor are to be considered while selecting a market. The UK market is viewed as a very mature market (Mintel, 2006). According to the present scenario the market is estimated to reach the value of  £31billions. But the overall UK market is experiencing negative growth due to the maturity level of the consumers. Nevertheless due to the impact of certain factors like society and technology the car segments with lower price range have considerable growth prospects. Mintel (2006) claims that there is a significant decrease in the confidence of new cars consumers. The decrease in the rate of GBP has created various confusion for manufactures consumers operating in pounds. The cost of labour in the automobile industry highlighted, the cost factor and capability of direct and indirect costs becomes one of the key issues in maintain advantage. According to the opinion of the industry specialists (KPMG, 2004), the issue that will influence the decision selecting the location the most is the cost of labour. According to the survey (KPMG, 2007), a major importance is given by the company on the cost of labour which can is describe cost of their retirement fund, healthcare and their legal services. The growth of present political and economic boundaries for example European Union, all European Union markets are now considered as a single EU market. This political policy can help Tata motors for entering in various European markets like Italy and France According to estimations of Nieuwenhuis Wells (2003) the European Union attracts the companies as the target market for a car manufacturer will remain high. They claim that the EU as a target market will be maintained to attract the manufacturers because of the increase of its market value and size. 5.3 Social Factors: Demographic factor is one of most important social factors. It affects the risk taking nature, spending power, consumer trends, lifestyle, and value per customer. The change of demographic trends allows the company to construct a plan which suites the particular product. The current demographics have gradually weakened the sales of family cars in the UK. Lifestyles The change of lifestyles and habits of the consumer can have a direct impact on their expenditures; Mintel (2006) also pointed out that in UK recent increase in the culture of having two or more cars in the family. Mintel (2006) adds that the negative effect of market development and increase in the prices of oil is challenge by the impact of change in the lifestyle of the masses. Thus, on the contrary, Tata Nano will experience healthy growth despite a fall in the sales of automobile in the UK. Because our target market will be the high population of students and female drivers in the country, 5.4 Technological Factors: The doors for new transactional options are open by the rapid growth of Internet in the market. Currimbhoy (2004) suggests that because of the constant growth in the areas of technology, like in the fields of communication and digital technologies have formed new opportunities such as e-shopping, new channels for marketing and new tools of marketing research. According to Mintel (2006) the problem in increase in capacity can be tackled by the using e-shopping by the leading car distributors. The growth in the channels of e-exchange between agents will be able to benefit the supply chain strategy of the company. 5.5 Environmental Factors: As per the UK market, Tata Nano is made environmental friendly, Tata also has exceeds measures for regulating standards on safety and pollution. The aim is to make Nano an eco-friendly car for the masses. As per the UK standards the car has been modified by replacing the seatbelts, glass, light, tyres and engine. Speed in miles, Indian road are on klilometre. Accordint to Data monitor, 2006b the car subjected to undertake government official crash tests and is also has to undergo an overall inspection. Then only the car is given approval for sale. After these all inspections the price of the car is expected to increase (Datamonitor, 2006b) 6.0Porters Five Forces: 6.1 Competitors bargaining power: The UK is highly consolidated automobile market. The competition is between Ford, GM (Vauxhall), BMW, Volkwagen, Peugeot, Toyota, Renault, Citroen and Honda. Because of presence of powerful and establish competitors a requirement of product differentiation has been created. According to Mintel (2006) the tough competition in the market introduces a significant price pressure and requires increasing overall promotional costs. The manufacturers had to close certain plants to cut the costs and survive on the market because of the present market conditon. At the moment, the major competitive strategies are new product development, an improvement in supply chain and above all serving the needs of emerging market segments (Mintel, 2006). The emerging requirements demands extremely high level of responsiveness towards operational. 6.2 Buyers bargaining power: In the UK market the buyers experience very strong bargaining power because the intensity competition on the global scale is high and overcapacity issue UK is always on the rise. According to Mintel (2006) A high level of bargain seeking behaviour is shown by the buyers. 6.3 Suppliers bargaining power: Even though Automobile manufacturers have consolidated forming large entities they do not make a significant shift of bargaining power in OEM-suppliers relations. According to Veloso Kumar (2002) a consolidation of different supplier groups is gaining because of the OEM sector. The sections like demand chain partners and large car dealers are experiencing bargaining power because of the overcapacity. 6.4 Threat of substitutes: Apart from direct competition from public transport, the major competition for automobiles are other transport services like taxis. One of the major substitute threats are the second hand cars market.According to Mintel (2006) the steady accumulation of second-hand cars has become one of the major reasons of the dramatic fall of the sales of new cars. 6.5 Threat of New Entrant: The threat of new entrant is minimises because the level of entry barriers like conlosidated industry, RD capability and well developed value added chain are quite high. Nevertheless, because the industry is much globalised, the concept of new entrant is not that clear-cut, new geographical markets are entered by existing manufacturers. Datamonitor (2006) also states that there is not enough measures introduce by EU countries to protect the market if the Chinese manufacturers tried to flood EU markets in the future. 7.0 Marketing Mix Strategy: 7.1 Product Review: There are three variants in the Nano range: Nano, Nano CX and Nano LX Only the Nano CX variant would be introduced in the UK Market for the first stage Tata Nano LX will introduced in the UK Market during the following year The car has achieved its low price by minimizing costs on unnecessary luxuries, the basic Nano comes without front and rear fog lights, with a heater or air conditioning, with anti-lock brakes, only one single windscreen wiper, manually operated windows, manual steering with no air bags, tiny 12 wheels, plastic body parts joined with adhesive instead of more conventional metal and welding and a two cylinder 623 cc engine that provides a massive maximum speed of 65 mph (around 105 km/h). Among the features of the car are: 7.1.1 Stylish and comfortable The design for Nano is made designed by taking a family in mind, has a roomy passenger compartment with generous leg space and head room. It can comfortably adjust four persons. Four doors with high seating position make the people to have more leg and head room. Yet with a length of 3.1 metres, width of 1.5 metres and a height of 1.6 metres, with adequate ground clearance, it can effortlessly manoeuvre on busy roads in cities as well as in rural areas. Its mono-volume design, with wheels at the corners and the power train at the rear, enables it to uniquely combine both space and manoeuvrability, which will set a benchmark among small cars (Pradeep Thakur,2009). 7.1.2 Fuel-efficient engine Nano has a rear-wheel drive, all aluminium, two-cylinder, 523 cc, 33 PS, multi point fuel injection petrol engine. Two-cylinder gasoline engine with a single balancer shaft is used for the first time in any car. The design helps the car to minimise weight, which results in maximising performance for consumed energy and delivers high fuel efficiency. The electronic engine management system controls the performance of the car. 7.1.3 Meets all safety requirements The current regulatory requirements are all taken in consideration in the case of Nano. Nano actually exceeds all safety measures. It has a strong passenger compartment because of an all sheet-metal body, seats belts, intrusion-resistant doors, crumple zones and strong seats. 7.1.4 Environment-friendly Tata motors are known for manufacturing eco friendly in Indian Market. Nano is not different it has tailpipe emission performance exceeds regulatory requirements. Nano has a lower pollution level in comparison to all two-wheelers being manufactured in UK today. The car has low carbon dioxide emissions because of the high emission, thereby benefiting in two an affordable transportation solution with a low carbon footprint. 7.2 Branding By help of branding the consumer can identify manufacturer of a product and them to send the feed of the products performance to the concern manufacturer or distributor. Branding creates a different identity in the products and services from the other. The main task of branding strategies is to convince the consumers that there is a meaningful difference among brands in the product category. In the case Tata Nano, corporate name is combined with products name for the sake of branding. Tata is fourth largest heavy vehicle manufacturer in the world, and it is a good strategies to cash in the brand value of the manufacturer. 7.3 Product Strategy The Tata Nano CX model will be first introduced with a 3 years warranty. The next Tata Nano LX model will be introduced in the following year, because Tata as a brand will be established by then. For all marketing campaigns the brand and logo will be displayed everywhere and on the car as well. 7.4 Pricing Strategies The Cost price is an estimated GBP 2, 420 or equivalent to INR 174,903, which includes import tax, sales tax, duties excise assembly cost and shipment costs. The prices show a strategy by which shares can be taken from more settled competitors. 7.4.1 Setting the price selecting price objectives Major three objectives of Tata should be for an effort to position itself in the UK Automotive market. The objectives are: Survival, maximum current profit and maximum market share. 7.5 Survival Intense competition from UK second car manufacturer, Perodua for a share of the automotive market segment for the below 1,000 cc category will act as an incentive fot Tata Nano. It will ensure that the car covers variable costs as well as some fixed costs. Survival in the case of Nano is a short term objective as in the long run. 7.6 Maximum current profit Tata in UK will set a price that will maximize current profits, cash flow and return on investment, after taking into consideration the demand and costs involved. Because the category of small foreign cars has not been really tested by other manufacturers, therefore the demand is rather difficult to estimate but Tata Nano for having a good response towards its entry into the UK market. 7.7 Maximum Market Share Tata is set to launch low price for a new car in order to attract a maximum number of buyers and a large market share by will implementing the market-penetration pricing in the UK. The cost can be decrease by achieving high volume of sales. This will allow the company to further decrease the price of the product. In the UK car market the low price prodices more market growth, this show the high sensitivity of the market. Tata is also confident that as sales increases the production and distribution costs will also fall. By this Nano will help to keep out competition and maintain its low-price position. The low-price entry will provide all Perodua consumers to have a best alternative. 8.0 PROMOTION STRATEGIES 8.1 Objectives of Promotion Strategies Before determine the promotion strategies, we need to very clear about what are the objectives we need to achieve. We know as above, our missions are to promote Tata nano in a UK and increase the sales quarterly. Tata Nano is very new for UK, they feel fresh with this new brand and concept of this car. Tata Nano will get into market in 2010. Brand awareness and concept/knowledge of this new car should be the companys first and foremost objective for promotion. Tata Nano burst into the worldwide market in the short time because of being so cheap. The advertisement and organize the event or campaign in sufficient detail to establish the good brand attitudes should be done properly because Tata is still new to UK market. For creating a strong brand equity awareness of brand is very important. The second objective should be persuasion through the medium of knowledge. The comparison between Nano and other cars which are more expensive and are not afforded by everyone can approve to be a good marketing tool for Tata Nano. Besides that the scheme of 30 days money return guarantee will also be introduced for the promotional purpose We can also have a 3 years free maintenance scheme for Tata Nano like other major car manufacturers 8.2 Advertising Program The main aim is to inform UK market that Nano is the cheapest car in the world. Create an understanding in the consumer to buy Tata Nano not just because its cheap but also its safe, useful, all in good quality and also environment friendly by developing an advertising program. 8.3 Online Advertisement The online advertisement should the first step taken by the company. Tata Nano already created a Web site www.tatanano.com on March 2009 for a good communication with the concern consumer. In the Web site, all the details of the car and company with images and videos are provided to customers. This can be a good strategy to bring the consumers close to the histpry of the company so that they can be more satisfied. In addition to images and videos, the website also has a links which shows the public feedback of Nano. Besides that, Blogs have become an important for searching any major information you require. Blogs is best place where people of same interest can discuss their issues and concern. By establishing a blog network a company can easily monitor the feedback and even can look for the potential new consumer. Blogs and Internet are at present the best and cheapest way pf creating brand awareness globaly. 8.5 Television Advertisement Television is expensive mode of advertisement but its ia also very powerful as product is fully explained and secondly the product get an image by exposing it to television. Tata can show Nanos attributes and persuasively explaining their corresponding consumer benefits. The company should lower advertising budget and should only air the advertisement on national channel between 7 to 11 pm. A good advertisement always creates a need in the consumer mind which increases brand equity as well as improve sales. 8.4 Newspaper Advertisement Beside the television, most of the UK reads newspaper every day because of the fact there are around 10 newspaper companies circulating it for free. So this can be a good mode for market coverage in a big city like London. Newspaper advertising is also not so expensive. 9.0 Channel of Distribution Strategies 9.1 Direct marketing channel (zero-level channel) Manufacturer Customers Tata Nano in UK can sold directly to its concern customers. By visiting the sales office or any special event the customer deal directly with the companies dealers for booking. Besides that, there should be a 24X7 customer care centre from where customers can get all the information they want for booking a new Tata Nano and there should be a 24 hrs attendant on the website who can chat live with the customers and give information about the product. These all ideas can help us eliminating the middle men from the chain which will surely decrease the variable costs. 9.2 Physical Flow Transporters, Warehouses Tata Motor at India Assembly Workshop At UK Customers From the diagram, we can understand that as per the basis of demand the car will send in parts from India and will b assembled in the workshop in the UK can know. The final step is to send the product direct for the customer collection. 9.3 Payment Flow Tata Motor at India Sale Office At UK Banks Customers Banks Customers can have two option of paying the bills either by cash or by bank. Because of this diagram the customer will be pay less because the cost of commission of the middle men like retailer and franchise are not included in the flow chart. It is also good for the Tata Motor because the payment will be collected more efficiently. 9.4 Information Flow Tata Motor at India Sale Office At UK Customers Informations like product, price development and so on can be given direatly by Tata motors to their customers. And by the help of various services like response calls and mailings or through internet blog, Tata can identify the need of the customers. The complaints of the customers have to be dealt directly. So that customer will be fully satisfied at the end of the day. 9.5 Promotion Flow Marketing Campaign/Event Tata Motor at India Sale Office At UK Customers Media Have two ways of promotion flow, directly and indirectly. Directly is well organize the marketing campaign, event and road show. By this way, well promote Tatanano to target market by face by face and provide the opportunities to them try to drive the Tatanano. Indirect ways are we will do the advertisement through media such as internet, TV, radio and also newspaper. By this promotion flow, Tata Motor aims to create brand awareness and increase the sales in the UK. 10.0 Financial Plan The overview of the Tata motors will be done in this section. The major financial aspect like expense forecast, sale forecast, break even analysis and their relation to the market strategy are included in the section. 10.1 Break even analysis Break even analysis indicates that 3369 unit or  £ 28,615,563 will be required in monthly sales revenue to reach the breakeven point. Table: Break Even Analysis Break even analysis : Monthly unit break even 3369 Monthly sales break even  £ 28,615,563 Monthly unit production 6083 Average per unit revenue  £8,492 Average per unit variable cost  £5,550 Average per unit fixed cost  £1,630.11 Estimated monthly fixed cost  £9,916,915 10.2 Sales forecast Sale was done with adjustment of seasonal factor and is on quarterly basis. Graduation month was used as seasonal factor to adjust our forecasted sales because our primary targets are the graduation students. There is an increase of 10% sales annually according to the forecast, graph given below represent the sale forecast. Figure : Sales Forecast 10.3 Marketing Expense Forecast Marketing expense forecast provides an indication about when our marketing plan has to be modified and it also keep marketing department focused toward their goal. Advertisement, marketing campaign, direct marketing and other are all the major categories in which the expensed are tracked down. The marketing budgeting is quite necessary for most of the companies from it affect the total sale of the quarter. In 2010 Tata motors believe that marketing expense will not be more than 4 percent of total sales. 11.0 IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL The idea behind the marketing plan of Tata Nano is to show the current standing of the company. The performance of the company can be improved by observing following areas of the company: Monthly and annual revenue of the company Monthly and annual expenses of the company Satisfaction of the customers A 10 percent growth in the annual sales of the company 11.1 Marketing Organization The main responsibility of a marketing manager should be taking control of all marketing activities. Marketing manager will designate all the promotional and advertising responsibilities to his juniors. Sales performance will be the responsibility of the sale manager. The entire department will be work under the guidance of marketing director 11.2 Contingency plan: Difficulties and risks: One of the difficulties that will be face by the company

Fun for Life Essay

Many topics for you to try. Some of these came from IELTS and other textbooks, others are from websites. You can also see TWE (Test of Written English) topics from the TOEFL exam here. Use CTRL+F to find keywords or topics from this page in your browser. The destruction of the world’s forests is inevitable as our need for land and food grows. Do you agree? Write this essay in the forum! See what other people think of your writing! Damage to the environment is an inevitable consequence of worldwide improvements in the standard of living. Discuss. Are famous people treated unfairly by the media? Should they be given more privacy, or is the price of their fame an invasion into their private lives? Are our zoos cruel to wild animals? Are women are better parents than men? Are zoos are necessary for education? Children learn best by observing the behavior of adults and copying it. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Children should never be educated at home by their parents. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Computers can translate all kinds of languages well. Do our children need to learn more languages in the future? Damage to the environment is an inevitable consequence of worldwide improvements in the standard of living. Discuss. Discuss some of the arguments for and against keeping animals in zoos. Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of giving international aid to poor countries. Do the benefits of study abroad justify the difficulties?

Mcminn 4mat

Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling Sondra Rule Liberty University Summary The author of this book Mark McMinn explains how psychology, theology, and spirituality can all be integrated into Christian counseling. He discusses the difference between the three overlapping principles. He wrote this book especially for Christian counselors, pastors, as well as students so that they may clearly understand the meaning of the three principles, allowing them to apply it to everyday problems.The main question this book poses to answer is, How does a Christian counselor integrate their faith into a counseling session in a way that can be beneficial to their clients. He discusses the problems that counselors and clients face in a counseling session and ways to improve them. Some of the ways he mentioned to improve counseling sessions were prayer, scripture, the effects of sin confession, forgiveness, and redemption. This book main purpose is to assist the counselor in integrating the three categories. He feels that if a counselor can master this, then they will be able to give their clients the very best services.The most important thing to realize is that this process will not be easy for the counselor or the client but, if done right it can be very rewarding for them both. The author starts the book by describing some of the challenges that Christian counselors encounter while trying to integrate psychology and spirituality. He explains how spirituality is different from psychology and theology by breaking it down into a simple statement, â€Å"We can become more or less competent in the spiritual disciplines, training ourselves to experience God more fully, but we can never be spiritually competent. (McMinn 2011, p. 11). He goes on to describe psychology, theology, and spirituality, how they are similar and different. His explanations are put in a way that is easy to understand, he also gives examples of how they can be applied to real life s ituations. He talks about the importance of scripture and how it can be very beneficial in a counseling session. However he does stress that clients can only be truly changed by scripture if they can carry it on outside their sessions, and make it apart of real life. Even hough it can be helpful to some it is not something that can be used with every client, it is up to the therapist to know what is best for every client. He also talks about the power of prayer. He discusses the different types of prayers and also the different situations in which each prayer is to be used. He also lets us know that prayer may not be for every client so it may not be the right technique to use in some those therapy sessions. McMinn (2011), goes on to discuss sin and the importance of looking at in with a theological perspective.If the counselor is able to get the client to really understand their sin, they can then get to a point of forgiveness. The therapist can help the client get in the best posi tion possible to accomplish forgiveness, but it is up to the client to actually forgive themselves for their sins. The author also discusses the subject of redemption and how it can be established in different therapy models; such as object relations, cognitive, and Adlerian. This was a interesting and informative book.This book was wrote to help Christians integrate spirituality into a counseling session, and to let counselors know that they can't just act one way in the office, they have to carry their spirituality outside their sessions. It is just as important for the client to know that the counselor is behaving the same way outside the office as they do when they are around. He also discussed how some counselors would like to help clients through the use of Christ, but they don't know how. The author shows how to help clients by using examples of everyday life situations.This book is a good way to help Christians add to their knowledge about Christ because their are times when we become stagnant in our growth with Christ. He includes practices for every Christian, the client, as well as the patients and the benefits for each one. McMinn 2011, lets us know that spirituality and psychology have to be used together in order for us to have a accurate sense of self, accurate awareness of need, and healing relationships. Concrete Responses After reading this book , I mostly thought about how I first integrated my faith with my personal relationships.I have been Christian for a couple of years now, but every person I get close to or friend I have are not all Christian. Therefore, I had to learn how to not let their habits influence me with what I do and say. I have friends that smoke, get drunk, curse, and many other things that I find not to be Christian behavior. These were once things that I also had taken part in, so continuing our friendship and letting go of bad habits was a struggle for me. Integrating my new life with my old life was changeling because I was always told that your are the company that you keep.I had to make sure I didn’t get myself into situations that could hurt me in the long run. I was set on continuing the friendship I had and remaining a Christian as well. I can remember the first time my faith was tested. It was around five months after I changed my life around. I was invited to go out to the movies and out to eat with a big group of friends. Being that it was only a dinner and a movie, I assumed it would be okay. The night started off really well, we went to see a really great movie and we all were having a good time.Following the movie, we went out o eat, everyone ordered alcohol to drink including myself. I do drink occasionally but it is never something heavy and never more than one small glass. After ordering our drinks and food, I began to feel pressured by them because they were getting drunk and they wanted me to get drunk as well. I told them that I am not the same person I use to be, I will n ot let the devil control my life. After eating they wanted to take the party to the next level and start smoking. When I realized what was about to happen, I decided to remove myself from the equation before something happens I will regret.That experience taught me that I can still have my friends but we can’t hangout as much as we use too. It may be challenging but integrating my faith with my personal life can be done just as well as psychology, theology, and spirituality can be integrated into counseling. Reflection This was a very well written book. It answers the question â€Å"How can a counselor integrate psychology, theology, and spirituality into their counseling sessions. The author discusses the importance of integrating spirituality into counseling, and steps to take in order to ensure its success.The author also stressed the value of prayer in and out a counseling session and how to introduce it as a part of the session to the client. This book brings up questio ns such as, How can psychology, theology, and spirituality truly be integrated into counseling sessions with non Christian counselors and Christian clients. If spirituality is what is best for the client, how does a non Christian counselor help them without recommending a more qualified counselor. there is also the question of not confronting the sin.It would always be more helpful for a sin to be confronted so that the client knows that what they are doing is wrong and they should then be counseled in moving on from this sin and taking the necessary steps to ensure that sin is excluded from their lives. Others than that, this book was a very positive book. Learning how to help others with prayer, scriptures, psychology, theology is very rewarding. Knowing the steps to take in order to ensure as successful counseling session is also something that this book discussed, which is very helpful for therapist. ActionAfter reading this book, and learning how to better integrate psychology, theology, and spirituality into counseling; it has been easier to help those in need such as a friend, family member, or client. NO when a person is in need of guidance or assistance with a problem, their will be a set of tools set aside that ensures they are helped in the best way possible. Encouraging the client to include spirituality into their counseling session can be tough at times, especially if they are not Christian but by using the tools taught in this book, it can be achieved.Changes concerning counseling and helping those in need of guidance has become a lot better. Before this book, integrating Christianity into counseling was a challenge. However through gaining a better understanding of psychology, theology, and spirituality, it was made clearer how to integrate the three into a counseling session that could be beneficial to every client if used correctly. This book shows how important it is to have a spiritual aspect in a counseling session.How it can be so helpful in helping a client if this is what they want. And how it can totally change a person’s life. Having a good relationship with God is all we need in order to make it day to day. Whatever problems we have can be brought to Jesus because he is the healer o all problems. Having a good counselor who can introduce or help grow you knowledge concerning Jesus is a good step in the right direction. Reference McMinn, M. R. (2011). Psychology, theology, and spirituality in Christian counseling. Tyndale house Publishers.